International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

Wideband digital phased array radar offers the advantages of high range resolution, which improves the recognition ability for multiple targets, group targets, and high-speed targets. Traditional wideband phased arrays use true time delay to compensate for aperture fill time; however, the cost increases significantly. In this paper, a wideband elemental digital array architecture based on the stretch processing method is proposed. By utilizing the time-domain and frequency-domain translation equivalence of the LFM (Linear Frequency Modulation) signal waveform, the equivalent aperture fill time is compensated for through frequency shift and phase shift after stretch processing. Compared to traditional wideband digital arrays, this method can dramatically reduce the required sampling rate and lower the requirements on antenna hardware, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of system. A comprehensive analysis of the signal processing process and stretch processing method is provided. And an antenna array prototype is developed to verify the T/R channel compensation and wideband beamforming. Measured results show that the antenna is capable of ±60° scanning in azimuth plane and ±40° scanning in elevation plane, with a bandwidth of 500 MHz in S-band. The results demonstrate excellent wideband beam performance and accurate lobe scanning, which confirms the validity of the proposed wideband architecture for stretch processing, frequency shift, and phase shift. This method can be widely applied to the low-cost design and wideband performance improvement of wideband digital array radar.

We report on the theoretical design and experimental verification of a high efficiency microwave wireless power transmission (MWPT) system operating in the Fresnel region. To achieve high conversion efficiency over a transmit distance of 11 meters, the transmit reflector antenna was optimized to locate the focal point at 11 m. The size of the receive antenna was decided by calculating the field distribution and the received power at different positions in the receive antenna aperture. Furthermore, an accurate model of the diode is presented, which was imported into the ADS software for high-precision rectifying circuit design. As a result, an overall DC-DC conversion efficiency of 20% was achieved, as measured in an anechoic chamber at a given distance of 11 m. The experimental results validated the proposed method.

Design of a monopulse feeding network including a compact power distribution network and a monopulse comparator for a dual polarization slotted waveguide array fabricated on an annular disk is presented in this paper. As the slotted waveguide array is arranged on an annular disk, the feeding network is more complicated than that of a regular array such as a rectangular array. The design details of some key waveguide components, such as the compact assembly of H-plane T-junctions and E-plane elbows used to connect power distribution networks and radiation waveguides, are provided. Quasiplanar magic tees are designed and used to construct the compact sum and difference comparator. The antenna system contains two comparators, which are used to generate sum and difference beams for horizontal polarization and vertical polarization, respectively. Finally, the monopulse slotted waveguide array antenna is divided into two modules, a comparator module and an antenna module (including power distribution network), and fabricated with the layered processing and bonding process. The comparator module is measured using a network analyzer to verify its amplitude-frequency characteristics and phase-frequency characteristics. Screwing the comparator module and the antenna module together, a monopulse slotted waveguide array antenna is obtained, and the sum beam and difference beam characteristics of the antenna are measured in a microwave chamber and presented.

In this work, a dual-port antenna system is simulated and fabricated for cognitive radio (CR) application. The proposed system comprises a tapered-fed monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) sensing antenna and a dual-narrowband (NB) communicating antenna. For miniaturization, the UWB sensing antenna is placed on the front side of the communicating antenna. The sensing operation takes place over 2.1–12 GHz. The E-shaped dual-band antenna operates at 3.9 GHz and 6.04 GHz. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and isolation are measured to be lower than 0.12 and greater than 18 dB, respectively, within the range of acceptable values for both parameters. The antenna prototype was fabricated and tested experimentally to confirm the simulation’s findings. The outcomes of both the simulation and the testing revealed a definite consistency. This work gives a miniaturized model and good isolation, which is appropriate for C-band applications.

Microstrip antenna arrays are proposed in this paper for the customer premise equipment (CPE) applications in the frequency range 1 (FR1) of the 5^th generation (5 G) mobile networks. The proposed antenna arrays consist of three FR4 substrates. Antenna elements and feeding networks are optimized separately through parameter studies and then combined to form the proposed antenna arrays. Bandwidth-enhancing parasitic elements on the top substrate are broadside coupled to the microstrip antennas in the middle substrate, which are probe-fed by the microstrip feeding network using Wilkinson power dividers realized in the bottom substrate through the ground plane and the stud supporting air layer between the lower two substrates. Two antenna arrays, with four and eight antenna elements, are proposed for different gain specifications, 10 dBi and 12 dBi, respectively. Bandwidths of 10-dB return loss for both arrays fully covered the 5 G n78 frequency band (3.3–3.8 GHz). 20 dB isolation between antenna elements can also be achieved using the proposed layouts with rotated elements. The dimensions, radiation gain, and efficiency of the proposed antenna units, four-element array, and eight-element array are 65 × 65 × 11.4, 115 × 115 × 11.4, and 115 × 215 × 11.4 mm³, 6.2, 10.5, and 13 dBi, 74%, 56%, and 50%, respectively. The proposed antenna arrays exhibit the advantages of simple, low-cost, low-profile, and high-gain characteristics, which is potentially applicable to 5 G CPE outdoor unit (ODU)-related devices.

The electromagnetic radiation sensitivity of the electric explosive device (EED) and its installed use state is closely related to the size of the equipment and radiation field strength constraints. The use of the traditional all-level electromagnetic radiation method for the effect of the actual installed EED test in the electromagnetic environment simulation encountered a technical bottleneck. The microwave band is difficult to effectively assess through the current standing wave distribution and skin effect. The temperature rise of the EED bridge wire has no relationship with the frequency of the electromagnetic wave. In this paper, through the analysis of the electromagnetic effect mechanism of the EED, the coupled power model of electromagnetic irradiation of the EED is obtained, and the relationship between the temperature rise of the bridge wire of the EED and the electric field strength model is established. Under the action of high-frequency continuous waves, the electromagnetic effect of the device is tested to verify the correctness of the mechanism analysis of the electromagnetic effect of the device under the action of continuous waves. The results provide crucial technical support for the electromagnetic protection of the device under the harsh electromagnetic environment of the battlefield.